Best Diet For Cats With Kidney Disease

Most senior cats develop kidney disease. Early diagnosis and a kidney-friendly diet can help slow its progression and keep your cat feeling healthy and happy.

If you are lucky enough to have a senior cat, you will likely face a diagnosis of kidney disease as he ages. This article explains what the diagnosis requires in terms of nutrition, and what to consider when selecting the best diet for cats with kidney disease. 

Diets for feline kidney disease – key considerations 

Protein – restrict it or not?

Studies show that restricting protein and phosphorus in cats with renal disease improves their symptoms and may slow the progression of the disease. While the data supports this approach, protein restriction conflicts with the way cats, as obligate carnivores, should be fed. 

In order to thrive, cats require high protein (muscle meat) and high moisture diets. Feeding cats low-protein diets may cause problems, such as muscle mass loss. Cats in IRIS Stage 1 and 2 kidney failure often live for years after their diagnosis, spending much of that time on protein-restricted diets.

Some clinicians recommend feeding a kidney-friendly diet at Stage 3 and suggest it as an option only at Stage 2. This allows cats many more years on a species-appropriate diet. 

However, there is still disagreement within the veterinary field about when to restrict protein in cats with kidney disease.

Good hydration is paramount

Cats aren’t that good at keeping themselves hydrated. And when they develop kidney disease, their kidneys stop functioning as efficiently, which means they lose more water in their urine. Therefore, it’s important for your kitty to consume a diet high in moisture, such as premium canned or frozen raw food. 

Feed your cat a high-moisture diet and provide fresh water at all times to keep him well-hydrated. Some cats prefer running water and will drink more from fountains. 

Calories are necessary

Cats are particular about food, especially in the later stages of kidney disease. They’re sensitive to texture and flavor, and may refuse to eat a kidney supportive diet, or a food high in moisture. While this is not ideal, cats sometimes make their own life decisions. 

It’s crucial for your cat to get enough calories, whether the food is formulated for kidney disease or not.

Carbohydrates play a role  

Diets low in protein and phosphorus typically contain a grain or carbohydrate source. In order to decrease the levels of phosphorus and protein in a formula, carbohydrates become necessary. 

While not ideal for healthy cats, it can help those in the later stages of kidney disease feel better. Many of these foods also contain extra Omega-3 fatty acids to help reduce inflammation. 

More factors to keep in mind 

Here are a few more considerations to help you decide if dietary restrictions suit your kitty:

• Your cat’s taste: Many cats dictate the food they eat, despite you and your veterinarian wishing they would eat a more therapeutic diet. Enjoyment of food is an undeniable factor when considering quality of life. 
• Your cat’s disease progression: Many cats diagnosed with kidney disease live for years with very slow progression. Have your veterinarian check your cat’s kidney markers every four to six months to track the progression of his disease. 
• Your own philosophies: How you treat your cat’s kidney disease is a personal decision that varies between cats and their people. For example, if you have the time and energy resources, you can have a veterinary nutritionist create a cook-at-home recipe that is low in phosphorus and protein.

Kidney disease is common in older cats and usually progresses slowly, allowing many cats to live with it for years. Taking dietary measures to support your cat’s kidneys is one the best ways to keep her happy and feeling good for as long as possible. 

Understanding kidney disease

Your veterinarian may diagnose your cat with chronic kidney disease or chronic renal failure. Both terms mean the same thing; “renal” is interchangeable with “kidney.” Your cat’s kidneys are failing but typically at a very slow rate. Most cats diagnosed with renal failure live years beyond their initial diagnosis. 

The International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) defines the spectrum of kidney disease. IRIS staging uses your cat’s blood creatinine, SDMA (symmetric dimethylarginine) levels, urine protein levels, and blood pressure to place him in one of four categories.

Creatinine is the most important marker. Knowing your kitty’s current IRIS stage helps guide your decision-making around nutritional changes.

Opposing dietary needs

Many cats with kidney disease have additional health concerns that require nutritional adjustments. Some may have hyperthyroidism, while others with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may require a diet made from a certain meat source. A history of urinary blockages or stones may require food with a particular mineral composition. 

Some pet food companies make recipes for multiple needs, but they don’t all come in a wet version or appeal to all kitties. You and your veterinarian must work together to prioritize which disease needs the higher nutritional focus. Keep in mind this may change over time as disease states resolve or progress.

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